Common Causes of Acute Kidney Injury |
Prerenal | Intrarenal | Postrenal |
Hypovolemia | Nephrotoxic Injury | |
- Dehydration
- Hemorrhage
- GI losses (diarrhea, vomiting)
- Excessive diuresis
- Hypoalbuminemia
- Burns
| - Drugs: aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin), amphotericin B
- Contrast media
- Hemolytic blood transfusion reaction
- Severe crush injury
- Chemical exposure: ethylene glycol, lead, arsenic, carbon tetrachloride
| - Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- Bladder cancer
- Calculi formation
- Neuromuscular disorders
- Prostate cancer
- Spinal cord disease
- Strictures
- Trauma (back, pelvis, perineum)
|
Decreased Cardiac Output | Interstitial Nephritis | |
- Cardiac dysrhythmias
- Cardiogenic shock
- Heart failure
- Myocardial infarction
| - Allergies: antibiotics (sulfonamides, rifampin), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ACE inhibitors
- Infections: bacterial (acute pyelonephritis), viral (CMV), fungal (candidiasis)
| |
Decreased Peripheral Vascular Resistance | Other Causes | |
- Anaphylaxis
- Neurologic injury
- Septic shock
| - Prolonged prerenal ischemia
- Acute glomerulonephritis
- Thrombotic disorders
- Toxemia of pregnancy
- Malignant hypertension
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
| |
Decreased Renovascular Blood Flow | | |
- Bilateral renal vein thrombosis
- Embolism
- Hepatorenal syndrome
- Renal artery thrombosis
| | |
