Development of Personality and Mental function : Erikson

• • Erikson
    • Focuses on key conflicts or core problems the individual strives to master
      • Trust versus mistrust (birth to 1 year)
        • If needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust
      • Autonomy versus shame and doubt (1 to 3 years)
        • Toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves, or they doubt their abilities
      • Initiative versus guilt (3 to 6 years)
        • Preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent
      • Industry versus inferiority (6 to 12 years)
        • Children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior
      • Identity versus role confusion (12 to 18 years)
        • Teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are
      • Intimacy vs Isolation (19 to 30 years)
        • Young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated
      • Generativity vs Stagnation (30 to 59 years)
        • The middle-aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose.
      • Integrity vs Despair (60 years and above)
        • When reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure