Development of Personality and Mental function : Freud

• Development of Personality and Mental function
  • Freud
    • All human behavior is energized by psychodynamic forces; this energy is divided into components of personality: id, ego, superego
      • Oral stage (birth to 1 year)
        • During infancy, the major source of pleasure seeking is centered on oral activities, such as sucking, biting, chewing, and vocalizing. 
        • Children may prefer one of these over the others, and the preferred method of oral gratification can provide some indication of the personality they develop.
      • Anal stage (1 to 3 years)
        • Interest during the second year of life centers in the anal region as sphincter muscles develop and children can withhold or expel fecal material at will. 
        • At this stage, the climate surrounding toilet training can have lasting effects on children’s personalities.
      • Phallic stage (3 to 6 years)
        • During the phallic stage, the enitalia become an interesting and sensitive area of the body.
        • Children recognize differences between the sexes and become curious about the dissimilarities. 
        • This is the period around which the controversial issues of the Oedipus and Electra complexes, penis envy, and castration anxiety are centered.
      • Latency period (6 to 12 years)
        • During the latency period, children elaborate on previously acquired traits and skills.
        • Physical and psychic energy are channeled into acquisition of knowledge and vigorous play.
      • Genital stage (≥ 12 years)
        • The last significant stage begins at puberty with maturation of the reproductive system and production of sex hormones. 
        • The genital organs become the major source of sexual tensions and pleasures, but energies are also invested in forming friendships and preparing for marriage.