Factors influencing healing

• Factors influencing healing
  • Displacement and site of fracture
  • Blood supply to area
  • Immobilization
  • Internal fixation devices
  • Infection or poor nutrition
  • Age
  • Smoking
• Complication of fracture healing
  • Delayed union
    • Fracture healing progresses more slowly than expected. Healing eventually occurs.
  • Nonunion
    • Fracture fails to heal despite treatment. No x-ray evidence of callus formation
  • Malunion
    • Fracture heals in expected time but in unsatisfactory position, possibly resulting in deformity or dysfunction
  • Angulation