Hormones and peptides in obesity
- Hormones and peptides in obesity
Where Produced | Normal Function | Alteration in Obesity |
Anorexins (Suppress Appetite) Leptin | ||
Adipocytes | Suppresses appetite and hunger Regulates eating behavior | Obesity is associated with high levels. Leptin resistance develops; thus obese people may lose the effect of appetite suppression. |
Insulin | ||
Pancreas | Decreases appetite | Increased insulin secretion which stimulates increased liver synthesis of triglycerides and decreased HDL production |
Peptide YY | ||
Colon | Inhibits appetite by slowing GI motility and gastric emptying | Circulating levels are decreased. Decreased release after eating |
Cholecystokinin | ||
Small intestine | Inhibits gastric emptying Sends satiety signals to hypothalamus | Unknown role |
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) | ||
Small intestine | Stimulates insulin secretion from pancreas Increases satiety (mediated by GLP-1 receptors in brain) | Unknown role |
Orexins (Stimulate Appetite) Neuropeptide Y | ||
Hypothalamus | Stimulates appetite | Imbalance causes increased appetite |
Ghrelin | ||
Stomach (primarily) | Stimulates appetite increase after food deprivation Decrease In response to food in the stomach | Normal postprandial decline does not occur, which can lead to increased appetite and overeating |